macOS version, name, (release date), last version
macOS 10.12.x Sierra (20/9/2016), 10.12.6 (16G2136)
macOS 10.13.x High Sierra (25/9/2017), 10.13.6 (17G14042)
macOS 10.14.x Mojave (24/9/2018), 10.14.6 (18G9323)
macOS 10.15.x Catalina (7/10/2019), 10.15.7 (19H2026)
macOS 11.x.x Big Sur (12/11/2020), 11.7.10 (20G1427) – First release to support Apple m1
macOS 12.x.x Monterey (25/10/2021), 12.7 (21G816)
macOS 13.x.x Ventura (24/10/2022), 13.6 (22G120)
macOS 14.x.x Sonoma (26/9/2023), 14.0
APFS
macOS introduced the APFS since Sierra (10.12.4) and as the default for internal SSD drives after High Sierra (10.13).